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How can I fix Network Adapter Drivers problems? Where I am 5g is same price as fixed broadband but faster for my plan. Personally I am yes, but I know that's not the case everywhere. So I guess what I'm getting at is, why would you suggest the thing that's better for the business but worse for you?

Ancapistani 38 days ago root parent prev next [—]. Perhaps in densely-populated areas, but certainly not in sparsely-populated areas. IIRC, they were a competitive local exchange carrier, unrelated to Comcast. In silicon valley, this doesn't offer great coverage; to get reasonable line lengths, you need to be in the telephone company's remote terminals and that's not available to CLECs.

Not sure about now, a lot of the loop products have been grandfathered recently. In some sense, that's "just" radio. An antenna is a wire Radio transmissions are all AC. The gap on the line acts more as a capacitor than an antenna, AC pass through capacitors, but DC does not. Johnythree 38 days ago root parent prev next [—]. It's a differential signal using a center-tapped transformer to drive the signal. It's actually using three wires if you count the ground.

This means it's symmetrical about ground and thus cancels it's own radiated field eg doesn't interfere with adjacent lines. But with one side open there is still a path for AC, which is through the other side and using the ground return. ADSL worked, but phone line had to dial tone Its DC. If you had to imagine it, think of it as a range of radio stations being broadcast down a wire instead of over the air and your router can tune in to all the radio stations at the same time and then piece together the different bits of data being broadcast.

Not knocking their effort though, Arnold and Arnold have always like to demonstrate their knowledge. One of them has a personal blog which can be quite interesting. What's DC? The telephone cable coming into the house is 50volts DC is not AC like a powerline. I know radio waves are just that, waves, its how things like noise cancelling headphones work.

Different frequency's give you different ranges or distances for 1 watt, which is why you can bounce Long wave around the planet. Radio waves down a wire are by definition AC. Otherwise they don't work. The voltage must change, thus the current must change, thus it is AC. Eelongate 39 days ago root parent next [—]. Couldn't you send an amplitude modulated signal down a DC line by modulating the voltage but keeping that voltage always above zero?

If the current never actually reverses, it wouldn't be AC as I understand it. It would be PDC, pulsed direct current. Any DC component is simply a frequency set to 0 - that can be ignored.

Similar to the earth magnetic field when talking about radio transmission in air. Eelongate 37 days ago root parent next [—]. Sure, but it's still not AC. It's not AC if the C urrent isn't A lternating. Sounds like we're agreed that the information is being transmitted via AC or another alternating signal. I wasnt taught that radio waves were to be considered identical to AC power down a cable but when thinking about it, they probably are identical with waveform properties and the difference being the medium they are travelling through.

The exact details become confusing and get into some physics details, but in practice radio frequency on a cable is basically an AC voltage that needs special care to not be lost to inductance and other effects. This is of course part of the general trend that DC through gamma radiation are in many ways the same thing. It's common parlance to say "DC component" to refer to any offset from zero in the AC waveform.

So, for example, a typical analog telephone line when in use could be described as having a DC component of around 5 volts referred to as the battery voltage for historic reasons , and then an AC component of around a few volts varying by signal amplitude is superimposed. Someone else mentioned the case of an AC signal with its center point not at zero actually being a pulsed DC signal To receive the signal, the DC component is essentially removed.

A lot of real systems end up this way either intentionally in the case of phones or unintentionally. Much of the time people talk about a DC component its in the sense of an undesirable one induced for some reason.

Many people who use SDRs are familiar with this as common direct-conversion SDRs virtually always pick up a spurious DC voltage in the down-converter used to bring the selected frequency band into the range of the ADC. This results in the so-called "DC spike" in the middle of the tuned band. Now, others have said, and elsewhere you have probably read, that telephone battery voltage is ish volts varies somewhat by central office equipment and line loss, phones are expected to tolerate a wide range.

That's true, but when a phone is taken off hook it closes the loop while presenting some resistance and the voltage drops much lower. One of the odd things about DSL from a telephony perspective is that, unlike normal telephone applications, it is designed to function whether the phone is on or off hook. As a result, DSL devices do not make assumptions about the battery voltage, which during DSL operation can vary from off-hook of a few volts to ringing of around volts.

Another odd detail of telephone circuits is that typical local loops use two wires, one pair, for audio both directions. The telephone, though, needs an "in" and an "out" to connect to the microphone and speaker. Similarly, the telephone network itself predominantly operates using pairs of two separate signal circuits, one for each direction, as this greatly simplified analog telephone systems and is required for digitization for digital ones.

This is achieved by the use of a hybrid on each end of the phone line, which historically was a type of matching transformer that used some clever electrical tricks to provide three taps. One has signals both directions, the other two have one of each signal cancelled out based on matching or mismatching the impedance of the telephone line.

It's a bit hard to wrap your head around and rather clever. Unfortunately hybrids, being analog devices, are never perfect and introduce some oddities on the line. Today, it is increasingly common for not just telco equipment but also consumer phones to also use DSP instead of a hybrid to isolate the directions, since the DSP can self-tune to achieve a more perfect result.

Amusingly, so-called "sidetone" in telephones being able to hear yourself in the speaker is an undesired result of imperfect performance of the hybrid but turns out to be an important comfort to humans, so DSP-based systems usually intentionally mix the outbound audio into the inbound at a low level. All of this adds up to DSL being surprisingly robust. Unfortunately, there is a downside to the fact that DSL relies on frequencies beyond what telephone circuits were originally designed to convey: line loss of DSL signals is very high, which results in a rather short practical range for DSL, typically only a few miles even with a local loop in good condition.

DOCSIS is able to achieve tens of miles, even at the very high speeds it supports, because coaxial cable and the fittings and amplifiers used are designed to carry high frequencies with minimal loss. Even so, the push to greater-than-gigabit speeds has required outside plant upgrades for cable networks, just as the push to expand DSL coverage and less so, but in some markets, speed has lead to outside plant improvements to the telephone network, such as heavy use of remote DSLAMs that "convert" most of the subscriber loop to a longer-range medium like fiber.

I wonder if the circuit lag from sidetone is something that affects hearing aid users, considering they have another circuit in which audio has to go through before the user gets to hear, but I wonder if the sidetone passes through their skull or jaw bone instead, totally bypassing their hearing aid. May be Youtube's delivery of packets from a variety of servers in a co-ordinated manner could negatively affect the compression algos, that could then be used to deliver over fibre and other networks, because we cant assume all network traffic for a service comes from one server.

At the same time, this method of delivery can also be used to work out where compression of packet data is taking place on a "hop" or number of hops on the network to the end user, by virtue of packets arriving out of order. I think that method could be used to work out physical layouts of telephone networks between their servers and the end user.

Its interesting but frustrating when looking back at some of the ways things were explained when at school, education can be used for so much more intelligence gathering than meets the eye. The reason for your confusion is that the telephone exchange sends a constant Current, not a constant Voltage.

More the reason that I said it varies is because it depends on the equipment. In the US it is nominally derived from 24x lead-acid cells yielding 48v, but in older switches the maintenance charger is connected when the switch has external power and increases battery voltage to around 50v, sometimes a bit higher, like 54v. Basically due to the charger, other countries often specify 50v as the nominal voltage this is of course similar to how we call automotive systems 12v when in practice they're around All this results in v being considered a normal on-hook line voltage, but it can vary more in the real world.

Of course modern SAIs or RLCs or what have you tend to use solid-state regulators that keep a very tight 48v, so I'm sure the variation is much lower in like modern suburban neighborhoods than it is in cities or with older exchanges. When off-hook, current starts flowing and the line relays and local loop come into play.

The line relays are not tightly standardized and range from say ohm, but unless you're pretty close to the exchange the line resistance of the local loop is greater, which can be 1kohm or more. Then the actual telephone instrument has a resistance due to the current it uses for operation, ohm is perhaps average but it varies plenty, I think the WECo phones were usually ohm nominal.

Both line resistance and telephone resistance vary widely. A total loop resistance of ohm could be called a maximum because it allows the phone the 20 mA that's considered a minimum for reliable telephone operation, but lots of equipment will work out of that range, especially since so many newer phones have an independent power supply and digital voice circuit.

On older switches, where "older" includes plenty that are still in wide service like 5ESS, the line cards have a couple of jumper options to adjust the relay resistance in order to bring loop current up or down depending on length of the loop.

That's mostly because high loop currents due to a short loop can shorten the service life of equipment. Nothing is really regulated on older equipment and per specs, newer equipment tends to have voltage regulation as a result of using more advanced transistorized power supplies , neither voltage nor current, and so it can all vary within a fairly wide range.

This is surprising from the modern perspective but not so much when you consider that the "standards" here are a hundred years old. Newer switches, RLCs, etc often measure the current on lines and raise trouble alarms when it's too high or low, which does impose certain tighter bounds. Phone lines use an AC signal which is superimposed on a DC current. The DC is used to power the phone. Same thing happened once at my parents house. Quite confusing for some :. That fact that this delivers 3.

I lived in a forested area as a kid and the copper wire was always breaking for various reasons falling branches, old deployment, temperature and humidity, etc. The ISP would always attempt to reduce the speed and leave it at that. It took a lot of effort as well as personally locating the breakage to get them to come and repair it properly and it still took forever.

Potentially apocryphal, but Telstra's copper cable network supposedly had its insulation made of paper, not rubber. I remember when it rained the curbside pits fill with water, causing slowdowns and frequent ADSL dropouts until things dried out.

It took over a year for Ziply to repair the land line of my year-old parents. I had a tech tell me, literally to my face, "this line is working fine" when the line was stone dead. Another told me that I had to buy all new phones because the ones my parents had were "out of date". He did nothing. I have now learned that the WA state utilities commission is pretty interested when providers try to pull stunts like this.

You can also dig out useful company contact information from the commission's website. One of the more useful things I learned is how much power the PUC has. Every phone company has a team that deals with complaints coming in via the PUC and they are eager to resolve them. There are public records on how phone companies are doing, complaint-wise.

It's interesting but infuriating reading. I think this is common in places where they don't expect moisture to reach, but then things change and it gets there anyway. If your POTS lines are down and the telecom company is telling you a "wet pulp repair" is underway, your phones are going to be down for a while because a bunch of paper-insulated cables need to be manually rewired because they got wet and corroded.

I know there are some telecom folks on here that may be provoked to correct me but pulp was standard before the advent of cheap plastic insulation in the s on up. There is an astonishing amount of pulp-insulated phone line still in service today. In order to keep it dry, the conduit that the pulp lines are run through is pressurized to psi. Anyone that has worked with air compressors knows that pumping ambient pressurized air down into underground pipes is a recipe for condensation, so high capacity air driers are required to remove the water before it goes underground.

Any kind of outage on the compressor or dryer is effectively an emergency because water infiltration can happen almost immediately, creating an outage and extremely expensive repair. ComputerGuru 39 days ago root parent next [—].

Or are we talking football-field-sized compressors here? BoorishBears 39 days ago root parent next [—]. The gas flow on each line was monitored with flow gauges, so any increase could be attended to before it became a problem. The more you learn about this ancient cable technology the more absurd it becomes. We shower these fuckers with money but they would rather keep their paper insulated phone lines with permanent compressors and dryer running than braindead simple fiber.

No wonder it is permanently broken and they can't keep a single 9 of reliability. Fiber may be simple, but the way we use it is not. Unlike copper, a GPON fiber install is going to have active electronics and splice trays for every several dozen subscribers.

Plenty of opportunities for water ingress to still cause problems. Also, sending a singal across fiber is definitely not easy. ADSL is basically modulating a radio wave over a cable directly to another device. Fiber requires high quality optics, high quality lasers, tons of active hardware if you want to do it at scale. Fiber optics have existed since the 80's yes, but prices of high quality fiber solutions have only dropped massively in the last decade or so.

That all sounds infinitely easier than buried air pipes. Mind boggling physics are what gives us CPUs, but the final product is reliable bar none.